DNA paternity testing is the most accurate method available for determining biological fatherhood. At NativeLabs, we perform thousands of paternity tests each year with 99.99% accuracy. This comprehensive guide walks you through every step of the process, from choosing the right test to understanding your results.
What Is Paternity Testing?
Paternity testing compares the DNA of a child with that of an alleged father to determine biological relationship. Since a child inherits half their DNA from each parent, the test examines specific genetic markers to identify matches between the child and alleged father.
At NativeLabs, we analyze 24 genetic markers (also called loci) using PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) technology. This provides far greater accuracy than the industry standard of 16 markers, giving you results you can trust with confidence.
Key Fact
Our 24-marker analysis provides a combined paternity index that typically exceeds 1,000,000,000,000 (one trillion) to one when the tested man is the biological father.
Types of Paternity Tests Available
NativeLabs offers several types of paternity tests to suit different needs:
Standard Trio Paternity Test
Participants: Mother, Child, Alleged Father
Price: R3,500 | Turnaround: 3 weeks
This is our most popular test. Including the mother's sample increases accuracy and allows us to identify which genetic markers came from the mother, making the father's contribution clearer.
Motherless Paternity Test
Participants: Child, Alleged Father
Price: R2,950 | Turnaround: 3 weeks
When the mother is unavailable or unwilling to participate, we can still perform accurate testing using just the child and alleged father. The statistical calculations are slightly different but remain highly accurate.
Prenatal Paternity Test
Participants: Pregnant Mother (from 8 weeks), Alleged Father
Price: R24,370 | Turnaround: 3 weeks
Our non-invasive prenatal paternity test uses cell-free fetal DNA circulating in the mother's bloodstream. A simple blood draw from the mother and cheek swab from the alleged father poses zero risk to the pregnancy.
The Testing Process: Step by Step
Step 1: Order and Sample Collection Kit
After placing your order, we ship a discreet, tamper-evident collection kit to your address or you can visit our Sandton facility for supervised collection. The kit includes:
- Sterile buccal (cheek) swabs for each participant
- Sample envelopes with tamper-evident seals
- Chain-of-custody forms (for legal tests)
- Prepaid return shipping (South Africa only)
- Detailed instructions with illustrations
Step 2: Sample Collection
Sample collection takes about 5 minutes per person:
- Wash hands thoroughly
- Open swab package without touching the tip
- Rub swab firmly against inside of cheek for 30 seconds
- Allow swab to air dry for 60 seconds
- Place in labeled envelope and seal
- Complete consent forms
Important
Do not eat, drink, smoke, or chew gum for 30 minutes before collection. For infants, wait 30 minutes after feeding.
Step 3: Sample Return
Return samples using the prepaid courier bag (legal tests require chain-of-custody documentation). Samples are stable at room temperature for up to 30 days.
Step 4: Laboratory Processing
Upon arrival at our Sandton laboratory, samples undergo:
- Accessioning: Samples logged into our LIMS (Laboratory Information Management System)
- DNA Extraction: Automated extraction using magnetic bead technology
- Quantification: DNA concentration measured to ensure quality
- Amplification: PCR amplification of 24 STR loci + Amelogenin (gender marker)
- Capillary Electrophoresis: Separation and detection on ABI 3500 Genetic Analyzer
- Analysis: Software generates allele profiles for each participant
- Statistical Calculation: Combined Paternity Index (CPI) and Probability of Paternity calculated
- Quality Control: Dual review by qualified scientists
- Report Generation: Formal report with results and interpretation
Step 5: Results Delivery
Results are delivered via:
- Secure email (encrypted PDF)
- Online portal access (password protected)
- Optional printed copy via registered mail
Sample Collection Methods
Buccal Swab (Standard)
Painless cheek swab collects epithelial cells containing DNA. This is our standard method for all postnatal testing.
Blood Sample (Prenatal/Legal)
For prenatal testing, a 10ml blood draw from the mother is required. For legal tests, blood may be collected by a medical professional to strengthen chain of custody.
Alternative Samples (Forensic)
For forensic cases, we can test: hair with roots, fingernail clippings, toothbrushes, cigarette butts, and other items containing biological material. Additional fees apply and success is not guaranteed.
Laboratory Analysis
Our Sandton laboratory follows ISO 17025 standards and participates in international proficiency testing programs. Key quality measures include:
- Dual-processing: All samples run in duplicate
- Positive/negative controls: Included in every batch
- Contamination monitoring: UV-irradiated workstations, aerosol-resistant tips
- Equipment calibration: Daily performance checks on all instruments
- Staff qualification: All analysts hold relevant degrees and competency certification
Understanding Your Results
Your report will include:
Probability of Paternity
Expressed as a percentage (e.g., 99.9999%). This is the statistical likelihood that the tested man is the biological father compared to a random man from the same population group.
Combined Paternity Index (CPI)
The product of individual paternity indices across all tested markers. A CPI of 1,000,000 means the tested man is 1 million times more likely to be the father than a random man.
Inclusion/Exclusion
- Inclusion (Cannot be excluded): Genetic markers are consistent with paternity. Probability typically > 99.9%
- Exclusion (Excluded): Genetic markers are inconsistent with paternity. Probability = 0%
Allele Table
Shows the specific genetic markers (alleles) for each participant at each locus, demonstrating which markers the child shares with the alleged father.
Legal vs. Peace-of-Mind Testing
| Feature | Legal Test | Peace-of-Mind |
|---|---|---|
| Chain of Custody | ✓ Required | ✗ Not required |
| Sample Collection | Supervised by collector | Self-collected |
| Identity Verification | Photo ID + photos taken | Self-declared |
| Court Admissible | ✓ Yes | ✗ No |
| Immigration Use | ✓ Accepted by DHA | ✗ Not accepted |
| Price (Standard Trio) | R4,200 | R3,500 |
Frequently Asked Questions
How accurate is the test?
Our 24-marker test provides 99.9999%+ accuracy for inclusions and 100% accuracy for exclusions.
Can the test be done without the mother?
Yes, motherless paternity testing is available (R2,950). Including the mother increases accuracy and is recommended when possible.
How long do results take?
Standard turnaround is 3 weeks from sample receipt. Express service (10 business days) is available for an additional fee.
Is the test confidential?
Absolutely. All results are encrypted and delivered securely. We never share information without written consent.
Can I test before the baby is born?
Yes, our non-invasive prenatal paternity test works from 8 weeks gestation (R24,370).
What if the alleged father is deceased or unavailable?
We offer alternative relationship testing: grandparentage (R6,600), siblingship (R5,200), avuncular (R5,200), and genetic reconstruction (R6,800).